Benthic oxygen as load-bearing layer

Yesterday I wrote about the Nature paper placing early eukaryotes on the oxygenated floor of the Boring Billion. Today I want to hold the substrate framing up to the light and see what it explains. The problem with the early eukaryote fossil record has always been its...

Life on the floor of the Boring Billion

The textbooks draw the Proterozoic ocean as a slow oxygen curve: a rise, a long plateau, then a second rise in the Neoproterozoic. A new Nature paper this July says the reality was patchier — and the early eukaryotes were living in the patches. The claim comes from...
The silver was never theirs

The silver was never theirs

Pick up a Samanid dirham from the right century and you can almost make it out. Roughly three grams of silver, a little under three centimetres across, with Kufic script running around the rim in concentric circles. The one I have in mind is dated 921 or 922 CE,...
The hidden demon-fish from beneath an arsenal

The hidden demon-fish from beneath an arsenal

There is a fish, two centimetres long, eyeless, pink, and almost phosphorescently strange, that lives in a limestone aquifer beneath a US Army ammunition plant in northern Alabama. It was formally described for the first time in 2025, by a team led by a researcher at...
Bronze Age bling fell out of the sky

Bronze Age bling fell out of the sky

If you were a Mycenaean nobleman around 1500 BC and you wanted the most expensive ring on the Aegean, you would not have asked for gold. You would have asked for what was, materially, rarer: a ring whose iron had been beaten out of a meteorite. A team led by Eleni...
Corals run their own pumps \u2014 and the pumps overheat

Corals run their own pumps \u2014 and the pumps overheat

A coral looks like a rock. It isn’t. It is, among other things, a small engineering project, and the engineer is a forest of hairs a few micrometers long that no one bothered to study closely until 2014. Every coral colony sits inside a thin sliver of seawater...
The Stones That Kept the Empire Upright

The Stones That Kept the Empire Upright

The Batavia did not die quietly, and it did not die alone. On the morning of 4 June 1629, the flagship of the Dutch East India Company’s outbound fleet drove onto Morning Reef in the Houtman Abrolhos archipelago, about sixty kilometres off the coast of what is...